Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis — which is a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Most people develop psoriasis first and are later diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, but the joint problems can sometimes begin before skin patches appear.
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of both skin and joints. This can cause swollen, painful joints that are typical of arthritis, and other symptoms might include patchy, scaly skin and pitted nails. Unfortunately, this disease is progressive, meaning it tends to get worse over time. However, medications and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
It’s important to note that only a small percentage of people with psoriasis will develop this type of arthritis. The cause of Psoriatic arthritis is not exactly known, but likely involves a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors.
Causes of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is associated with the skin condition psoriasis, where the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues. The exact cause is unknown, but the condition is believed to involve a combination of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Here is a bit more detail:
1. Genetic Factors: Certain genetic markers are more common in people who develop psoriatic arthritis, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the disease. HLA-B27 gene mutation in particular is seen in many people with psoriatic arthritis.
2. Immunological Factors: The body’s immune system appears to become overactive and attack healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation in the skin (psoriasis) and joints (arthritis). It’s still unclear why the immune system behaves this way.
3. Environmental Factors: Certain factors like injuries, physical trauma, infections, or certain medications may trigger the onset in people who are genetically prone to it.
4. Other Risk Factors: Having psoriasis is the greatest risk factor for developing psoriatic arthritis. Around 30% of people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis. It may also be influenced by factors like age, as it commonly appears between the ages of 30 and 50, and obesity, which can make both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis more severe.
It’s important to note that while these factors can increase the risk, they do not guarantee one will develop psoriatic arthritis, and likewise, people without these factors can still develop it. As our understanding of psoriatic arthritis continues to evolve, these explanations may shift. For accurate diagnosis and treatment, a healthcare professional should be consulted.
Risk Factors of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory type of arthritis that primarily affects people who have psoriasis, a skin disease. Here are several risk factors associated with psoriatic arthritis:
1. Having Psoriasis: This is the most significant risk factor. Around 10-30% of people with psoriasis will end up developing psoriatic arthritis.
2. Age: Most people develop psoriatic arthritis between the ages of 30 to 50, but it can develop at any age.
3. Family History: If you have close family members with the condition, your risk of developing it increases.
4. Obesity: Excess weight can increase the risk for psoriasis and subsequently psoriatic arthritis. Additionally, obesity may worsen already existing symptoms.
5. Previous Injury: Previous injuries, such as those sustained during physical activities or accidents can trigger psoriatic arthritis in some cases.
6. Smoking and Alcohol: Use of tobacco and alcohol increases the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis.
7. Immune System: An overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy joints and skin can also be a risk factor.
8. Certain Infections: There’s some evidence to suggest that certain infections, including strep throat, may trigger the immune response that leads to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in some people.
It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider if you have psoriasis and experience joint problems. Early detection and treatment can help reduce the permanent damage that psoriatic arthritis can do to your joints.
Signs and Symptoms of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, which is an autoimmune condition that causes red patches of skin topped with silvery scales.
The signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis may vary from person to person, but here are the most common ones:
1. Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness: Psoriatic arthritis can affect any part of your body, including your fingertips and spine, and can range from relatively soft to severe. It is usually associated with pain, inflammation, throbbing, and swelling in and around the joints.
2. Reduced range of motion: The inflammation can cause joints to become stiff and immobile, resulting, in some cases, severe limitations in physical abilities.
3. Psoriasis: Having psoriasis itself is a sign. Generally, it involves red patches of skin covered with silvery scales, especially on your elbows, knees, scalp and lower back.
4. Nail changes: Psoriatic arthritis can also cause your nails—of your hands and feet—to become pitted, to discolour, or to separate from the nail bed.
5. Eye problems: Some people may experience redness, irritation and disturbed vision (uveitis).
6. Fatigue: People with psoriatic arthritis often feel very tired due to the inflammation throughout the body.
7. Swollen fingers and toes: In some cases, fingers and toes can swell to resemble sausages, a condition known as dactylitis.
8. Foot pain: Psoriatic arthritis can also cause pain at the points where tendons and ligaments attach to your bones — especially at the back of your heel (Achilles tendinitis) or in the sole of your foot (plantar fasciitis).
It’s important to note that the symptoms may come and go, and can range from mild to severe. If you are experiencing one or more of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent joint damage.
Diagnosis Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints and can also affect the skin, resulting in psoriasis. It is a type of arthritis that mostly affects people who have psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red patches of skin topped with silvery scales.
The exact cause of Psoriatic Arthritis is still unknown, but it’s believed to be related to the immune system. In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly starts to attack healthy cells and tissues. Genetic and environmental factors are also believed to play a role.
Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling and redness, pitted or ridged nails, swollen fingers and toes, and persistent foot pain. It typically occurs in people between the ages of 30 and 50, but can begin as early as childhood.
Although there is no cure for the disease, treatments exist that can help manage the symptoms. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, TNF-alpha inhibitors and other medications. Physical therapy and surgical intervention if necessary can also be part of the treatment plan.
Remember, Each case of psoriatic arthritis is unique, therefore the treatment plan will be tailored to the individual patient’s symptoms and the severity of the disease. It’s also important to tell the doctor about all symptoms, as the disease can affect more than just the joints.
Most important thing is to get the condition diagnosed early, as damage to joints can be permanent if treatment isn’t started within a few months of symptoms appearing. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent or limit extensive joint damage that occurs in late stages of the disease.
Treatment of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis, a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Psoriatic arthritis can cause stiff, swollen and painful joints, which can significantly affect everyday tasks. Treating psoriatic arthritis involves managing the symptoms and preventing further joint damage. Here are some treatment options:
1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These drugs help reduce inflammation and pain. Some common NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen sodium (Aleve).
2. Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): DMARDs are drugs that work by interfering with the immune system to slow the progression of psoriatic arthritis and save the joints and other tissues from permanent damage. Examples include methotrexate and sulfasalazine.
3. Immunosuppressants: These drugs act to tame the immune system, which is out of control in psoriatic arthritis. Examples include azathioprine and cyclosporine.
4. Biologic Agents: Also known as biologic response modifiers, these drugs are a new class of DMARDs that target the immune response at the cellular level. They’re usually used when other treatments don’t work. Examples are infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), and etanercept (Enbrel).
5. Physical Therapy: Exercise can help keep your joints flexible and make your muscles stronger. A physical therapist can help you with this.
6. Surgery: In severe cases, you may need joint replacement surgery to improve your mobility and quality of life.
Remember, each treatment has its own risk of side effects, and some can interact with other medications. Lifestyles changes such as regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can also help manage symptoms. It’s important to discuss the best course of action with your doctor.
Medications commonly used for Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the skin (psoriasis) and joints (arthritis). The medications commonly used for managing psoriatic arthritis are designed to manage symptoms and prevent or reduce the progression of the disease. Here are some of them:
1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac are often the first line of treatment and can help reduce pain and inflammation.
2. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These drugs reduce the extent of joint damage and help slow disease progression. Commonly used DMARDs include methotrexate and leflunomide.
3. Biologic agents: These are protein-based drugs that can specifically target the parts of the immune system which drive inflammation. Commonly used biologics include adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab.
4. Immunosuppressants: Such as cyclosporine and azathioprine these drugs help suppress the immune system to control inflammation.
5. Corticosteroids: Medications like prednisone may be used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, especially in severe cases.
6. Topical treatments: For skin symptoms associated with psoriatic arthritis, topical treatments like corticosteroid creams, vitamin D analogues, retinoids, or tacrolimus may be prescribed.
7. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: Oral medications like tofacitinib or upadacitinib that can reduce inflammation by inhibiting specific enzymes in the immune pathways.
8. Physical Therapy: Although not a medication, physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing symptoms and improving the functionality of the affected joints.
Always look for guidance from healthcare professionals when choosing therapies as all drugs can potentially cause side effects. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as exercise, a healthy diet, and avoiding triggers can help manage the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
Prevention of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis — a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Preventing psoriatic arthritis can be challenging because its exact cause is unknown. However, you can manage its symptoms and reduce the risk of complications by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and adhering to a regular treatment regimen. Here are several steps you can take to help prevent the progression or reduce the severity of psoriatic arthritis:
1. Quit Smoking: Smoking can increase your risk of developing psoriasis and, as a result, psoriatic arthritis.
2. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Overweight or obesity can put you at higher risk. Maintain a healthy weight by eating a balanced diet and getting regular physical exercise which can reduce the pressure on the joints.
3. Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity can help keep your joints fluid and flexible.
4. Limit Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis.
5. Regular Medical Check-ups: Regular check-ups can help detect changes in your health as early as possible. If you have psoriasis, be alert for the early signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
6. Medication/Treatment Adherence: If you’re diagnosed with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, take your medications as prescribed and adhere to your treatment plan to help slow disease progression and protect your joints.
7. Stress Management: High stress levels can potentially trigger a psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis flare-up. Use stress management practices such as meditation, mindfulness, or yoga for daily management.
8. Protect your joints: Avoid activities that strain your affected joints to prevent further damage.
9. Eat a Balanced Diet: Some evidence suggests that a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins can help control inflammation and reduce symptoms.
Please note that while these actions can help manage symptoms or reduce the risk of complications, they cannot completely prevent psoriatic arthritis. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice based on your specific medical condition and needs.
FAQ’s about Psoriatic arthritis
1. What is Psoriatic Arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that occurs in some people with psoriasis. This condition causes inflammation in the joints and can lead to stiffness, pain and swelling.
2. What are the symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis?
The symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include pain, swelling, or stiffness in one or multiple joints. It can also cause reduced range of motion, fatigue, eye redness and pain, and changes in the nails.
3. Who gets psoriatic arthritis?
Generally, people who have psoriasis are those who get psoriatic arthritis. However, not everyone who has psoriasis will get the joint disease.
4. How is psoriatic arthritis diagnosed?
There is no specific test for psoriatic arthritis. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, a physical examination, medical history, blood tests and imaging studies.
5. Is psoriatic arthritis hereditary?
Genetics does appear to play a role, but it’s not the only factor. Other factors such as environmental factors and immune system issues also contribute.
6. Is psoriatic arthritis curable?
While there is currently no cure for psoriatic arthritis, many treatment options can control symptoms and prevent joint damage and disability.
7. What is the treatment for psoriatic arthritis?
Treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressants, and biologic agents. Regular exercise, physiotherapy and maintaining a healthy body weight can also relieve symptoms.
8. Can diet affect psoriatic arthritis?
While no specific diet has been identified for psoriatic arthritis, a balanced diet can help maintain overall health and boost the immune system.
9. What is the life expectancy for someone with psoriatic arthritis?
With early diagnosis and proper therapy, life expectancy is not generally affected by psoriatic arthritis. However, it can vary depending on factors like severity of disease, personal health, and response to treatment.
10. Does psoriatic arthritis affect the skin?
Yes, most people with psoriatic arthritis also have skin symptoms of psoriasis, and the skin disease usually appears before the joint disease. Symptoms can include scaling, inflammation, and red areas of skin.
11. Can psoriatic arthritis flare up?
Yes, flares are common and can be triggered by certain factors such as stress, infection, injury or medication. Management of stress and good general health can help reduce these flares.
As with all diseases and conditions, you should consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you may have psoriatic arthritis.
Useful links
Here are some links to medical journals and articles about Psoriatic Arthritis:
Remember, it’s important to consult with healthcare professionals like physicians and rheumatologists while finding information about your health. The information in these articles is meant to support your knowledge, not to replace professional medical advice.
Complications of Psoriatic arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that generally occurs in people with psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. The primary targets are the skin and joints, but it can also affect other body parts like the eyes, lungs, kidneys, heart, and digestive system.
Complications of psoriatic arthritis can affect various systems of the body and may include:
1. Progression of Joint Damage: Untreated psoriatic arthritis may lead to permanent joint damage, as the inflammation erodes the joint surfaces and structures. This can lead to difficulties with mobility, function and everyday activities.
2. Skin Problems: Aside from typical lesions, having psoriasis can also increase the risk of cellulitis and other types of skin infections.
3. Eye Problems: Inflammation can also affect the eyes, resulting in conditions like uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye) that can cause redness, discomfort and blurred vision.
4. Cardiovascular Complications: Recent studies suggest a higher risk for heart disease and stroke in people with psoriatic arthritis.
5. Mental Health Complications: Living with a chronic disease like psoriatic arthritis can lead to anxiety and/or depression. The discomfort and appearance of skin lesions may also impact one’s self esteem and social interactions.
6. Metabolic Syndrome: People with psoriatic arthritis are more likely to have metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low levels of “good” cholesterol, and insulin resistance.
7. Spondylitis: In some people, Psoriatic Arthritis can lead to a painful condition that can cause inflammation and stiffening of the spine.
Ensuring early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to management can help reduce these risks and manage the complications effectively. It involves treating not only the arthritis but also the skin lesions, and addressing lifestyle factors like diet, physical activity, psychological health, and controlling cardiovascular risk factors. Regular follow-up visits and ongoing collaboration with the healthcare team are essential elements in managing psoriatic arthritis and its potential complications.
Home remedies of Psoriatic arthritis
Managing psoriatic arthritis at home involves a combination of lifestyle changes and natural remedies. Below are some suggestions:
1. Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support overall health and immune function. Some people find certain foods can trigger symptoms or worsen inflammation, so keep track of your diet and symptoms. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish like salmon and mackerel, can help reduce inflammation.
2. Regular Exercise: Regular low-impact exercises such as swimming, cycling, and walking can keep joints flexible, reduce pain and inflammation, improve mood, and support overall well-being. Do consult a physiotherapist or trainer to help develop a routine suitable for your condition.
3. Use of Heat and Cold: Application of heat can help relax aching muscles and soothe stiff joints, while cold packs can help reduce swelling and inflammation.
4. Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints, which can lessen pain and improve mobility.
5. Epsom Salt Bath: The magnesium in Epsom salt can be absorbed through the skin, potentially providing pain relief.
6. Capsaicin: Topical creams containing capsaicin, the substance that makes chili peppers hot, may help reduce joint pain.
7. Get Enough Rest: Pain and inflammation can cause fatigue. It’s important to balance activity with rest.
8. Manage stress: Stress can trigger psoriatic arthritis symptoms. Consider practices such as yoga, meditation, or mindfulness to manage stress.
9. Avoid Alcohol and Smoking: Both alcohol and smoking can trigger psoriatic arthritis flares and can interfere with treatments.
10. Apple Cider Vinegar: It may help to relieve psoriasis scale itch.
11. Turmeric: Its active ingredient curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties.
Note: While many of these suggestions can help manage symptoms, they are not a cure for psoriatic arthritis. It’s also important to remember that what works for one person may not work for another. Always work with your healthcare provider to create a comprehensive management plan.
